Febrônio Índio do Brasil: crime, loucura, raça e sexualidade nos anos 1920 / Febrônio Índio do Brasil: crime, madness, race and sexuality in the 1920s

O presente trabalho explora diferentes retratos de Febrônio Índio do Brasil, primeiro réu no Brasil a ser avaliado como inimputável judicialmente, visto ser considerado portador de uma psychopatia constitucional. Para tal, serão discutidas as diferentes historiografias dos dispositivos psiquiátricos, assim como a possibilidade de uma história-construção, na reunião de elementos heterogêneos na composição de um personagem. Desta forma, o artigo explora diferentes documentos redigidos a respeito de Febrônio; tais como seu laudo psiquiátrico, seu processo criminal, seu evangelho As Revelações do Príncipe de Fogo e o escrito do poeta suíço Blaise Cendrars sobre Febrônio. O intuito dessa análise documental é compreender como crime, loucura, raça e sexualidade são articulados na construção de versões sobre o personagem, que variam do louco monstruoso ao profeta. Ao final do texto, esboçamos a noção de dramaturgia criminal enquanto um constructo teórico que aproxima essas narrativas sobre Febrônio do desenvolvimento de personagens no drama.

This paper explores different portraits of Febrônio Indio do Brasil, the first defendantin Brazil to beevaluated as judicially unimputable, since he was considered to have a constitutional psychopathy. To this end, the different historiographies of psychiatric devices will be discussed, as well as the possibility of a history-construction, in the gathering of heterogeneous elements in the composition of a character. In this way, the article explores different documents written about Febrônio; such as his psychiatric report, his criminal process, his gospel The Revelations of the Prince of Fire, and the writing of the Swiss poet Blaise Cendrars about Febrônio. The purpose of this documentary analysis is to understand how crime, madness, race, and sexuality are articulated in the construction of versions about Febrônio as a character that vary from the monstrous madman to the prophet. At the end of the text, we outline the notion of criminal dramaturgy.

Políticas de formação e carreira docente indígena em contexto amazônico / Training policies and indigenous teaching career in the amazonian context / Políticas de formación y carrera docente indígenas en el contexto amazónico

Embora as legislações brasileiras garantam aos povos indígenas uma formação docente específica, diferenciada, bilíngue e intercultural, na prática, esses direitos nem sempre se efetivam, o que tem causado muitos prejuízos para o desenvolvimento dos processos educacionais e formativos destinados a eles. Diante dessas questões, o objetivo deste artigo é levantar as políticas de formação e carreira docente indígena no estado de Rondônia, no período entre 1988 e 2018, e analisá-las a partir das perspectivas de gestores(as) da Educação Escolar Indígena do estado. Para tanto, recorreu-se a entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa documental. Para a realização das análises, foram utilizados os procedimentos de análise de conteúdo e técnicas de categorização. Os resultados revelam o avanço do estado de Rondônia na política de formação docente e no plano de carreira específico para os indígenas. Conclui-se que o protagonismo das organizações indígenas no estado possibilitou o desenvolvimento de políticas educacionais e formativas para estes povos, embora evidenciem-se situações burocráticas na efetivação e progresso dessas políticas.(AU)

Although the right to a specific, differentiated, bilingual, and intercultural teacher training for indigenous people is guaranteed by the Brazilian legislation, they are not always effective, hampering the development of educational and training processes for these people. Thus, this study aims to survey education policies and the teaching career of indigenous people in the State of Rondônia from 1988 to 2018, and analyze them from the perspectives of the managers of the Indigenous School Education (EIS) of the state. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and documentary research and analyzed in the light of Bardin's (2011) content analysis and categorization. The results reveal the progress of the teacher education policy and specific career plan for indigenous people in the state. Despite the evident bureaucracy in these policies effectiveness and progress, indigenous organizations played a key role in the development of education and training policies for these peoples.(AU)

Aunque las legislaciones brasileñas garanticen a los pueblos indígenas una formación docente específica, diferenciada, bilingüe e intercultural, esos derechos en la práctica no siempre se vuelven efectivos, lo que ha causado muchos perjuicios para el desarrollo de los procesos educativos y formativos destinados a los indígenas. Ante estas cuestiones, en este artículo se propone levantar las políticas de formación y carrera docente indígena en el estado de Rondônia (Brasil), en el periodo de 1988 a 2018, y analizarlas a partir de las perspectivas de gestores/as de la Educación Escolar Indígena de este estado. Para tanto, se recurren a entrevistas semiestructuradas e investigación documental. Para la realización del análisis, se utilizan los procedimientos del análisis de contenido y técnicas de categorización. Los resultados revelan el avance del estado de Rondônia en la política de formación docente y el plan de carrera específico para los indígenas. Se concluye que el protagonismo de las organizaciones indígenas en el estado posibilitó el desarrollo de políticas educativas y formativas para estos pueblos, aunque se evidencian situaciones burocráticas en la efectividad y progreso de ellas.(AU)

Hidden Suicides of the Indigenous People of the Brazilian Amazon: Gender, Alcohol and Familial Clustering / Suicidios ignorados de indígenas de la Amazonia brasileña: sexo, alcohol y vínculo parental

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the coverage, characteristics and the risk of suicide in the indigenous people of Tabatinga in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: An active surveillance strategy for suicide cases was used: records of the Ministry of Health, the Municipal Health Secretariat, the Special Indigenous Health District of the Upper River Solimões (Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena Alto Río Solimões), the Military Hospital of Tabatinga, the National Indian Foundation (Fundación Nacional del Indio) and the civil registry offices were examined from 2007 to 2011 for individuals over 9 years of age. Adjusted rates were estimated using the direct method and according to age. A descriptive analysis was performed and the hypothesis tests were considered significant if p-values were <0.05. Results: The coverage of indigenous suicide was 82.8%, since 11 (17.2%) were classified as hidden suicides. For men between 15 and 29 years of age, and for women aged from 12 to 20 years, the probability of suicide was around 70.0%. In 17.2% of the sample there was a record of alcohol consumption before death and relationship between victims. The corrected adjusted mortality rate was 111.7/100,000 (95% CI, 84.6-148.6). Conclusions: The risk of suicide in the indigenous people of the Tabatinga is very high. Coping strategies should consider the complex relationship between suicide and alcohol consumption, gender differences and the existence of vulnerable groups, such as young people, especially those with close relatives who have committed suicide.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el alcance, las características y el riesgo de suicidio de los indígenas de Tabatinga, en la Amazonia brasileira. Métodos: Se utilizó una estrategia de vigilancia activa del suicidio y se examinaron los registros de mayores de 9 años, de 2007-2011, del Ministerio de Salud, la Secretaría Municipal de Salud, el Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena Alto Río Solimões, el Hospital Militar de Tabatinga, la Fundación Nacional del Indio y la notaría del Registro Civil. Las tasas ajustadas se calcularon utilizando el método directo, según la edad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se consideró que las pruebas de hipótesis eran significativas si p < 0,05. Resultados: El alcance del suicidio indígena fue del 82,8%, ya que 11 (17,2%) se clasificaron como suicidios ocultos. Alrededor del 70,0% de la probabilidad de suicidio de los varones se situó a los 15-29 años y la de las mujeres, a los 12-20 años. En el 17,2% de la muestra, se registró consumo de alcohol antes de la muerte y relación parental entre las víctimas. La tasa de mortalidad ajustada corregida fue 111,7/100.000 (IC95%, 84,6-148,6). Conclusiones: El riesgo de suicidio de los indígenas de Tabatinga es muy alto. Las estrategias de afrontamiento deben considerar la compleja relación entre el suicidio y el consumo de alcohol, las diferencias de sexo y la existencia de grupos vulnerables, como los jóvenes, especialmente aquellos con parientes cercanos que ya cometieron suicidio.

Estudantes indígenas na Universidade: uma sessão de grupo operativo / Indigenous students in the university: one session with operative group / Estudiantes indígenas en la universidad: una sesión de grupo operativo

O objetivo deste artigo é conhecer os discursos de alunos indígenas de uma Universidade pública, contemplados pela política de ações afirmativas, para discutir as experiências que vivenciam no espaço acadêmico. Realizamos a investigação a partir de uma sessão com o dispositivo de grupo operativo de Pichon-Rivière. Constatamos uma série de dificuldades para o estudante indígena na Universidade. Há a produção de um estereótipo sobre o indígena, que resulta em processos de preconceito e exclusão. As dificuldades na aprendizagem são vividas no âmbito individual e não institucional, produzindo uma situação de culpa e ansiedade. Por fim, enunciam um duplo lugar ocupado, no sonho de transmitir os conteúdos adquiridos na Universidade à sua própria comunidade.

The aim of this article is to know the discourses of indigenous students of a public University, contemplated by the policy of affirmative actions, to discuss their experiences within the academic space. We conducted the research from one session with the Operative Group device of Pichon-Rivière. We found many difficulties for the indigenous student in the University. There is a production of a stereotype on the indigenous, resulting in processes of prejudice and exclusion. The difficulties in learning are experienced at the individual rather than the institutional level, thus producing a situation of guilt and anxiety. Finally, they enunciate a double occupied place, in the dream of transmitting the contents acquired at the University for their own community.

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer los discursos de alumnos indígenas de una Universidad pública, contemplados por la política de acciones afirmativas, para discutir las experiencias que vivencian en el espacio académico. Realizamos la investigación a partir de una sesión del grupo operativo de Pichon-Rivière. Constatamos muchas dificultades para el estudiante indígena en la Universidad. Hay una producción de un estereotipo sobre el indígena, que resulta en procesos de prejuicio y exclusión. Las dificultades en el aprendizaje son vividas en el ámbito individual y no institucional, produciendo una situación de culpa y ansiedad. Por fin, enuncian un doble lugar ocupado, en la ilusión de transmitir los contenidos adquiridos en la Universidad para su propia comunidad.

Investigação da infecção subclínica por Neisseria Meningitidis em populações indígenas no Amazonas / Investigation of subclinical infection by Neisseria meningitidis in indigenous populations in the Amazon

A doença meningocócica é causada por Neisseria meningitidis, a qual é uma bactéria de transmissão respiratória que coloniza a nasofaringe humana em cerca de 5-10% da população em geral, normalmente, de forma assintomática. O portador assintomático é o principal elemento na cadeia de transmissão e manutenção em natureza desta bactéria, mesmo durante períodos epidêmicos. Não existem estudos epidemiológicos sobre a infecção por N. meningitidis em populações indígenas no Brasil. Realizamos um estudo epidemiológico de campo do tipo transversal com o objetivo de investigar a infecção assintomática por N. meningitidis em três aldeias indígenas na região do Rio Madeira, no estado do Amazonas: mura (n = 260), Munduruku (n = 268) e mura-pirahã (n = 172).Nas três aldeias incluídas (de acordo com a proximidade e contato com pessoas de centros urbanos), foram examinados com swab da nasofaringe e entrevistados 210 (19% de perda), 268 (0,8% de perda) e 108 (37% de perda) indivíduos, respectivamente. A tipagem fenotípica e genética dos isolados de portadores foi realizada pela técnica de soroaglutinação e de multilocus sequence typing (MLST), respectivamente. O perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos foi determinado pelo método de E-teste. Na Aldeia São Félix, etnia Mura (bastante contato), encontramos uma prevalência de portadores de N. meningitidis de 2,4% (5/210) e de Neisseria lactamica de 6% (12/210)

Na Aldeia Fronteira, etnia Munduruku (pouco contato), encontramos uma prevalência de portadores de N. meningitidis de 1,5% (4/268), enquanto na Aldeia Pirahã do Maicí etnia mura-pirahã (quase nenhum contato), encontramos uma prevalência de portadores de N. meningitidis de 1,9% (2/108). Registro de doença meningocócica, com evolução para óbito, foi reportado apenas na aldeia São Félix, em 2014, em uma criança que estudava na escola, mas não residia na aldeia. A infecção assintomática foi associada ao deslocamento para fora da aldeia ou ao contato íntimo com quem se desloca com frequência nas três aldeias visitadas. A caracterização fenotípica identificou o sorogrupo B em todas as amostras de N. meningitidis isoladas dos portadores. A genotipagem por MLST identificou dois novos tipos sequenciados (ST): ST-13111 (complexo clonal [cc] 1136) e ST-13110 (-). Uma única cepa foi identificada como ST-11406 (-). O ST-13111 (cc1136) foi identificado nas três aldeias incluídas neste estudo. Os portadores foram tratados com azitromicina em dose única: crianças e adultos

Todas as cepas foram sensíveis à penicilina, ampicilina, ceftriaxona e cloranfenicol, as quais são utilizadas no tratamento da doença invasiva, além de rifampicina, ciprofloxacina e azitromicina, as quais são utilizadas para o tratamento dos portadores. A investigação identificou uma prevalência de portadores de N. meningitidis semelhante àquela encontrada para indivíduos que não são contatos íntimos de casos de doença meningocócica. Apenas o deslocamento para fora da aldeia como estudar, trabalhar, viajar esteve associado ao estado de portador. A prevalência de N. lactamica, uma espécie não patogênica e comensal da nasofaringe humana, também foi semelhante ao que já foi descrito anteriormente. Os STs identificados são, geralmente, isolados da nasofaringe humana e, raramente, de doença invasiva, o que pode justificar a ausência de casos de doença nas aldeias investigadas. No entanto, ficou demonstrado a introdução e circulação de N. meningitidis nas aldeias indígenas investigadas e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de introdução de cepas hiperinvasivas, as quais podem causar doença invasiva de início abrupto rapidamente progressivo e potencialmente fatal. Assim, o uso de vacinas antimeningocócicas fica justificado como a melhor forma de controle da doença meningocócica nas populações de áreas remota. (AU)

Saúde mental em contextos indígenas: Escassez de pesquisas brasileiras, invisibilidade das diferenças / Mental health in indigenous contexts: Scarcity of Brazilian researches, invisibility of differences / La salud mental en contextos indígenas: La escassez de la investigación brasileña, la invisibilidad de las diferencias

Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de artigos produzidos sobre o tema saúde mental em contextos indígenas entre os anos de 1999 e 2012 nas principais plataformas científicas brasileiras (SciELO e BVS-PSI). Foram utilizados três grupos de descritores, perfazendo 62 buscas, as quais encontraram 5510 resultados, dos quais, depois de analisados, sobraram apenas 14 artigos. Foram levantados dados quanto à distribuição por ano de publicação, tema e objeto da pesquisa, etnia e região geográfica abrangida, participação ou não dos profissionais de psicologia no estudo; entre outros. Além disso, foi avaliado se os conceitos de saúde mental e indígena foram ou não problematizados, levando-se em consideração a alteridade e diversidade cultural destes povos. Conclui-se que as pesquisas são incipientes e carecem de reflexão epistemológica para fundamentar a complexidade desse diálogo intercultural que discute saberes advindos de referenciais originalmente tão distintos.

Abstract This study aimed to conduct a survey of articles produced on the topic mental health in indigenous contexts between the years 1999 and 2012 in the main Brazilian scientific platforms (SciELO and BVS-PSI). Three groups of descriptors were used, totaling 62 searches, which found 5510 results. Of these, only 14 articles remained after analysis. Data was collected on the distribution by year of publication, subject and object of research, ethnicity and geographic region covered, participation or not of psychology professionals in the study, among others. Also, we assessed whether the concepts of mental health and indigenous were or not problematized, taking into account the alterity and cultural diversity of these people. It was concluded that the researches are incipient and lack on epistemological reflection to support the complexity of this intercultural dialogue, which discusses knowledge arising from references that are originally so distinct.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio de los artículos producidos en la salud mental tema en contextos indígenas entre los años 1999 y 2012 en las principales plataformas científicas brasileñas (SciELO y BVS-Psi). Se han usado tres grupos de descriptores, por un total de 62 registros, que encontraron 5510 resultados, de los que, tras el análisis, siendo sólo 14 artículos. Se recogieron datos sobre la distribución por año de publicación, sujeto y objeto de la investigación, el origen étnico y la región geográfica cubierta, la participación o no de profesionales de la psicología en el estudio; entre otros. Además, se evaluó si los conceptos de salud mental e indígenas fueron o no problematizados teniendo en cuenta la alteridad y la diversidad cultural de estas personas. En conclusión, la investigación es incipiente y la falta de reflexión epistemológica para apoyar la complejidad del diálogo intercultural discutir conocimientos derivados de las referencias originalmente como distintos.

Análise comparativa dos quadros de ação coletiva das mulheres indígenas / Comparative analysis of case histories of indigenous women as a collective / Análisis comparativo de los marcos de acción colectiva de mujeres indígenas

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é comparar os elementos associados à participação coletiva de mulheres indígenas pertencentes a duas organizações de direitos humanos, Kalli Luz Marina (México) e Federação Regional de Mulheres Asháninkas, Nomatsiguengas e Kakintes da Selva Central (Peru), com base na perspectiva de gênero. Efetuou-se uma análise qualitativa por entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com as participantes, além de investigação dos arquivos das organizações. Verificou-se que a organização das mulheres indígenas é motivada pela percepção de injustiça, a capacidade de agência, identidade coletiva e emoções presentes no processo, o que as leva a mobilizar-se e a manter-se em seus grupos, com uma participação ativa, buscando relações de gênero equitativas. As organizações de mulheres nahuas, asháninkas e nomatsiguengas contribuem para a criação de espaços de encontro para seus pares e fornecem elementos relevantes para o desenvolvimento de atividades de gênero culturalmente situadas

The objective of this investigation is to compare the elements associated with the collective participation of indigenous women from two human rights organizations, Kalli Luz Marina (Mexico), and the Regional Federation of Women Asháninkas, Nomatsiguengas and Kakintes, from the Selva Central (Peru), with perspective to gender. Using the Theory of collective action framework, a comparative qualitative analysis was implemented, collecting information through semi-structured interviews of the participants, and organization's archival research. It was found that the organizational process of indigenous women is motivated by the perception of injustice, agency capacity, collective identity and emotions present in the process, which leads them to mobilize and remain in their groups with active participation looking for equal relationships between the genders. Nahua, Asháninka and Nomatsiguenga women organizations contribute to the creation of meeting spaces for their peers and provide relevant elements for the development of culturally situated gender agendas

El objetivo de la investigación es comparar los elementos asociados a la participación colectiva de mujeres indígenas de dos organizaciones de derechos humanos, desde la perspectiva de género. Se efectuó un análisis comparativo de corte cualitativo de los marcos de acción colectiva de mujeres indígenas pertenecientes al Kalli Luz Marina (México) y la Federación Regional de Mujeres Asháninkas, Nomatsiguengas y Kakintes de la Selva Central (Perú), a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a las participantes e investigación de archivos de las organizaciones. Se encontró que el proceso organizativo de mujeres nahuas, asháninkas y nomatsiguengas está motivado por la percepción de injusticia, la capacidad de agencia, la identidad colectiva y las emociones presentes en el proceso, que las lleva a movilizarse y mantenerse en sus colectivos con una participación activa, buscando relaciones de género equitativas. Las organizaciones de mujeres indígenas crean espacios de encuentro y desarrollan agendas de género culturalmente situadas

Occupational Exposure to Indium of Indium Smelter Workers / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Case reports of indium-related lung disease in workers have raised public concern to the human toxicity of indium (In) and its compounds. However, studies evaluating the exposure or health of workers in In smelting plants are rare. Therefore, in this study, we focused on four In smelting plants, with the main objective of characterizing In in smelter plants in China and discussing the potential exposure biomarkers of In exposure. We recruited 494 subjectsat four In smelting plants in China. Personal air samples, first morning urine and spot blood samples were collected. In concentrations in samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In concentrations in air samples did not exceed the permissible concentration-time weighed average, but the smelter workers had a higher internal exposure to In. Positive correlations were observed between the air In and urine In concentrations, and between the air In and blood In concentrations. This study provides basic data for the following In exposure and health risk assessment.

Effects of indium on micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytotoxicity of indium chloride (InCl₃) and its effects on micro-nucleus formation in primary human lymphocytes cultured in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 24 h exposure to different concentrations of InCl₃(4, 40, 80, 200, 500, and 1 000 µmol/L) in lymphocytes cultured in vitro. The cytokinesis-block method was used to determine the micronucleus level in lymphocytes exposed to different concentrations of InCl₃and the effects of anti-oxidant vitamin C on micronucleus frequency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lymphocytes exposed to InCl₃of no less than 500 µmol/L had significantly lower survival rates than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Lymphocytes exposed to 80 µmol/L InCl₃had a significantly higher micronucleus frequency than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no further increase in micronucleus frequency of lymphocytes exposed to 200 µmol/L InCl₃. Lymphocytes cultured in whole blood and exposed to 500 or 1000 µmol/L InCl₃had a significantly increased micronucleus frequency than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The increase in micronucleus frequency of lymphocytes induced by indium could be partially antagonized by 20 or 100 µmol/L vitamin C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>InCl₃can induce an increase in micronucleus frequency of primary human lymphocytes cultured in vitro, which might be associated with DNA damage induced by oxidative stress.</p>

Effects of indium exposure on relative content of mitochondrial ND1 gene in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of indium exposure on the relative content of mitochondrial ND1 gene in lymphocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Venous blood was obtained from 14 healthy workers and anticoagulated with heparin. Blood lymphocytes were separated and divided into three tube cultures. For two tubes in the exposed group, indium chloride was added to final concentrations of 0.2 mmol/L and 0.8 mmol/L, respectively. For one tube in the control group, an equal volume of normal saline solution was added. After incubation for 72 h, the relative content of mitochondrial gene in each group was determined using quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lymphocytes exposed to 0.8 mmol/L indium chloride had a significantly higher relative content of mitochondrial gene than those exposed to 0.2 mmol/L indium chloride and those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lymphocytes exposed to a high concentration of indium and its compounds have an elevated relative content of mitochondrial ND1 gene, indicating increased oxidative DNA damage induced by exposure to a high concentration of indium and its compounds.</p>

Effects of indium chloride on proliferation of human lung epithelial cells and its mechanism / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of different concentrations of indium chloride (InCl3) on the proliferation of human lung epithelial (Beas-2B) cells and its potential mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Beas-2B cells were exposed to different concentrations of InCl3 (0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 30.0, 90.0, 270.0, and 810.0 µmol/L) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The effects of InCl3 on cell proliferation were determined by the CCK-8 assay. The effects of InCl3 on apoptosis were evaluated using annexin V-PI staining followed by flow cytometry. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Beas-2B cells after exposure to InCl3 was determined using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate labeling followed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, InCl3 at a relatively low concentration (0.3~3.0 µmol/L) significantly promoted cell proliferation (P < 0.05), while InCl3 at a relatively high concentration (30.0~80.0 µmol/L) significantly inhibited cell proliferation after 72 h (P < 0.05). InCl3 at a concentration of 0.3 µmol/L failed to induce apoptosis within 72 h; however, InCl3 at a concentration of 30.0 or 810.0 µmol/L induced substantial early apoptosis after 72 h. Compared with the control group, cells exposed to 0.3 µmol/L InCl3 showed a slight decrease in the level of intracellular ROS within 72 h, while cells exposed to 30.0 or 810.0 µmol/L InCl3 showed a significant increase in the level of intracellular ROS after 72 h (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>At a low concentration, InCl3 stimulates cell proliferation by reducing intracellular ROS. However, at a high concentration, InCl3 inhibits cell viability by elevating intracellular ROS and inducing apoptosis.</p>

Risk analysis and assessment of occupational hazard fromindiumand its compounds in manufacture of liquid crystal display panel / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the exposed positions and levels of indium and its compounds in manufacture of liquid crystal displays, and to evaluate the degree of occupational hazard from indium and its compounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On-site investigation of occupational health, occupational hazard monitoring, and occupational health examination were used to evaluate the degree of occupational hazard from indium and its compounds in three manufacturers of liquid crystal display panel in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time-weighted average (TWA) and short-term exposure limit (STEL) concentrations of indium and its compounds to which sputtering machine operating positions were exposed were less than 0.002~0.004 mg/m³ and 0.006~0.007 mg/m³, respectively, both of which complied with the National Hygienic Standard (PC-TWA = 0.1 mg/m³; PC-STEL = 0.3 mg/m³); the TWA and STEL concentrations of indium and its compounds to which grinding positions were exposed were 0.114~2.98 mg/m³ and 0.31~10.02 mg/m³, respectively, both of which exceeded the National Hygienic Standard with the highest concentration 33-fold higher than the standard. No significant health damages were found in exposed workers according to the results of occupational health examination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The grinding positions are the key to the control of occupational hazard from indium and its compounds in manufacture of liquid crystal display panel. The workers should be equipped with the anti-particulate full-face respirator, which is an effective way to prevent occupational hazard from indium and its compounds.</p>

The clinical features of indium-related lung diseases / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the clinical features of Indium-related lung diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched database of Chinese and Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science to collect research data of indium-related lung diseases from Jan. 1998 to Aprl. 2014. Case reports, exposure histories and lab results were analysed and summarized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1998 to Mar 2010, ten cases of indium-related lung diseases were published. Seven cases of interstitial pneumonia were reported in Japan, two cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) were reported in the USA and one case of PAP reported in China. Chest computer tomography (CT) showed diffuse or local ground glass appearance (GGA) in 8 cases, 3 of which also showed centrilobular nodules; Pulmonary function test were normal only in one out of 8 cases. Cholesterol clefts were found in 4 cases of interstitial pneumonia. 3 cases died among 6 cases who were followed-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Occupational exposure to indium compounds are contributory to different pulmonary diseases, which are composed of interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The relationships between In-C, In-S and these pulmonary diseases are unclear.</p>

Determination of indium in whole blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sensitization effect of different chemical modifiers in the determination of indium in whole blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and to develop a new method for the determination of indium in whole blood.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A mixture of 0.3% HNO3 (V/V) + 0.1% Triton X-100 (V/V) was used as a diluent, and a solution of 1 000 µg/ml Pd (NO3)2 + 3 000 µg/ml Mg (NO3)2 was used as modifier. After being diluted five times, the concentration of indium of the blood was directly determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection limit of the method was 0.33 µg/L, the linear range was 0.33~100.00 µg/L, the relative standard deviation was 1.43%~2.65%, and the recovery rate was 98.3%~105.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple and fast and has high recovery and precision, and it is suitable for the determination of indium in whole blood.</p>

Comparative acute toxicity of gallium(III), antimony(III), indium(III), cadmium(II), and copper(II) on freshwater swamp shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense)

BACKGROUND: Acute toxicity testing were carried out the freshwater swamp shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense, as the model animal for the semiconductor applied metals (gallium, antimony, indium, cadmium, and copper) to evaluate if the species is an suitable experimental animal of pollution in aquatic ecosystem. RESULTS: The static renewal test method of acute lethal concentrations determination was used, and water temperature was maintained at 24.0 ± 0.5°C. Data of individual metal obtained from acute toxicity tests were determined using probit analysis method. The median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) of gallium, antimony, indium, cadmium, and copper for M. nipponense were estimated as 2.7742, 1.9626, 6.8938, 0.0539, and 0.0313 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the toxicity tolerance of M. nipponense with other species which exposed to these metals, it is obviously that the M. nipponense is more sensitive than that of various other aquatic animals.

Subclinical interstitial lung damage in workers exposed to indium compounds

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to determine whether there is a relationship between indium compound exposure and interstitial lung damage in workers employed at indium tin oxide manufacturing and reclaiming factories in Korea. METHODS: In 2012, we conducted a study for the prevention of indium induced lung damage in Korea and identified 78 workers who had serum indium or Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels that were higher than the reference values set in Japan (3 microg/L and 500 U/mL, respectively). Thirty-four of the 78 workers underwent chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and their data were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Geometric means (geometric standard deviations) for serum indium, KL-6, and surfactant protein D (SP-D) were 10.9 (6.65) microg/L, 859.0 (1.85) U/mL, and 179.27 (1.81) ng/mL, respectively. HRCT showed intralobular interstitial thickening in 9 workers. A dose-response trend was statistically significant for blood KL-6 levels. All workers who had indium levels > or =50 microg/L had KL-6 levels that exceeded the reference values. However, dose-response trends for blood SP-D levels, KL-6 levels, SP-D levels, and interstitial changes on the HRCT scans were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that interstitial lung changes could be present in workers with indium exposure. Further studies are required and health risk information regarding indium exposure should be communicated to workers and employers in industries where indium compounds are used to prevent indium induced lung damage in Korea.

vitro effect of lead, silver, tin, mercury, indium and bismuth on human sperm creatine kinase activity: a presumable mechanism for men infertility

The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of mercury [Hg[+2], lead [Pb[+2]], silver [Ag[+2]], tin [Sn[+2]], bismuth [Bi[+3]] and indium [In[+3] ions on sperm creatine kinase. creatine kinase was isolated from human sperm homogenates after chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column. At 60 microg ml[-1] metal concentration, 70% of the creatine kinase activity was inhibited by Hg[+2], while at the same concentration, Pb[+2], Ag[+2], Sn[+2], Bi[+3] and In[+3] caused 68%, 66.5%, 65.7%, 64.7% and 62.7% inhibition, respectively. All six metal ions displayed a competitive type of inhibition mechanism for the isolated creatine kinase as analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plot. KA values of Hg[+2], Pb[+2], Ag[+2], Sn[+2], Bi[+3] and In[+3] were calculated and 8.34 mM, 5 mM, 4.54 mM, 3.45 mM, 3.12 mM and 2.63 mM values were obtained, respectively. All the studied metal ions, at levels of 60 micro g ml[-1], may reduce normal sperm metabolism by inhibition of sperm creatine kinase, which probably is an important cause of infertility in men. However, further investigations, as in vitro and in vivo, are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of heavy metals on male reproductive functioning at the molecular level

Determinação dos fatores de recuperação do 111In e do 99mTc na quantificação de atividade com imagens SPECT / Determination of 111In and 99mTc recovery in the quantification of activity with SPECT imaging

OBJETIVO: Determinar, experimentalmente, os coeficientes de recuperação do 111In e do 99mTc usando imagens SPECT. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Quatro diferentes concentrações de 111In e de 99mTc foram usadas para quantificar a atividade em esferas de diferentes tamanhos. As imagens foram obtidas com um equipamento híbrido SPECT/CT, com dois detectores. A reconstrução das imagens foi realizada usando o método iterativo ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM). A correção de atenuação foi realizada com o uso de um mapa de atenuação e a correção de espalhamento foi realizada usando a técnica das janelas de energia. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que o efeito do volume parcial foi observado de forma mais significativa para as esferas com volume < 6 ml. Para o 111In, os resultados mostram uma dependência com relação às concentrações usadas nas esferas e ao nível de background usado. Para o 99mTc, pôde-se observar uma tendência à subestimação dos resultados quando os níveis mais altos de background foram utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário usar os fatores de correção para compensar o efeito do volume parcial em objetos com volume < 6 ml para ambos os radionuclídeos. A subtração das contagens espúrias presentes nas imagens SPECT foi o fator que mais influenciou na quantificação da atividade nessas esferas.

OBJECTIVE: To experimentally determine the 99mTc and 111In activity recovery coefficients in SPECT imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different 99mTc and 111In concentrations were utilized for quantifying activity in spheres of four different sizes. Images were obtained with a hybrid dual-head SPECT-CT imaging system. The ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) iterative method was utilized for images reconstruction. An attenuation map was utilized for attenuation correction, and the multiple energy window technique for scattering correction. RESULTS: Results for spheres < 6 ml in volume were significantly affected by the partial volume effect. For 111In quantification, results show a dependence on sphere concentrations and background levels. For 99mTc quantification, there was a tendency towards values underestimation with higher background levels. CONCLUSION: Correction factors must be utilized for compensating the partial volume effect on objects with < 6 ml in volume for both radionuclides. Background subtraction to compensate spurious count present on SPECT images has a significant influence on the quantification of activity, especially for the smaller objects.

Situação nutricional das crianças Kaingangs frequentadoras de escola estadual indígena / área Monte Caseiros - Muliterno (RS) / Nutritional situation of Kaingangs children attending indigenous state school / Monte Caseiros area - Muliterno (RS)

Atualmente, vivemos a transição nutricional, ou seja, da desnutrição para a obesidade e é sabido que ela apresenta efeitos deletérios à saúde. Foi estudada uma amostra de 94 crianças de 4 a 14 anos, residentes na Aldeia Monte Caseiros, Muliterno (RS). As prevalências de déficits nutricionais determinadas foram 5,08% para o índice peso para idade, de 22,03% para o índice estatura para idade e obesidade/sobrepeso, de 8,57% para adolescentes, e 10,16% para crianças. Conclui-se que, para os extremos da situação nutricional infantil, necessita-se de projetos de assistência à saúde materno-infantil, geração de renda e saneamento básico.

At present, we undergo a nutritional transition, that is, from malnutrition to obesity, and it is known that it presents deleterious effects to health. A sample of 94 children from 4 to 14 years, resident in Aldeia Monte Caseiros, Muliterno (RS) was studied. The predominance of nutritional deficits determined were 5.08% for the weight index for the age, of 22.03% for the height index for the age and obesity/overweight, of 8.57% for adolescents, and 10.16% for children. It is concluded that, in both extremes of the children's nutritional situation, maternal-child health care projects are needed, in addition to income generation and basic sanitation.

Soroepidemiologia para HIV, HTLV e Sífilis em índios Kaingang do Sul do Brasil / Seroepidemiology for HIV, HTLV and Syphilis in Kaingang Indians from south Brazil

Neste trabalho investigou-se a prevalencia das infeccoes pelos virus HIV, HTLV e pelo Treponema pallidum em uma populacao indigena Kaingang (150 individuos) e mestica (64 individuos) da reserva de Mangueirinha, no Estado do Parana, Brasil. Osresultados demonstraram ausencia de positividade para HIV 1/2, HTLV 1/2 e Sifilis nos individuos investigados.

This study investigated the prevalence of HIV, HTLV and Treponema pallidum infections in 150 Kaingang Indians andin 64 individuals of mixed race Kaingang with non Indians from the Mangueirinha reservation in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The results showed that none of the individuals was positive for HIV 1/2, HTLV 1/2 and Syphilis.